<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff"><FONT SIZE=2>In a message dated 3/1/02 8:37:02 PM Eastern Standard Time, sfdowns@pinn.net writes:
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<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">If "history is a science," then you need to give precise, scientific
<BR>definitions for "heresies," "authentic Catholic teaching," and "correct,
<BR>orthodox teaching." Frankly, these do not sound like the words of a
<BR>researcher who is "examining the evidence clearly and objectively," but
<BR>rather display a fairly obvious bias. I have nothing against people being
<BR>biased about religious issues, I know I am myself, but if you claim to be
<BR>objectively practicing science, you can't use words like heresy, authentic,
<BR>correct and orthodox. These are words which connote distinct value
<BR>judgements.</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BR>Anyone who is going to do a study of Church history should familiarize themselves with these terms, that are not subjective but rather precise.
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<BR>Catholic teaching can be defined to include the teachings of the Church as promulgated by the Magesterium (that is the teaching body of bishops) at Church councils. Also infallibly pomulgated statements of the bishop of Rome, that is, the Pope.
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<BR>As for "orthodox" teaching and "teaching of the universal church" they would fall under the same definition. "Catholic" was adopted as the name of the church because the term means "universal." Orthodox means right thinking, correct, and is also a term applied to the authentic teaching of the Church.
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<BR>"Heresy" is then a contradiction or perversion of that teaching. St. Thomas defined heresy as "a species of infidelity in men who, having professed the faith of Chrst, corrupt its dogmas."
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<BR>He further says, altough this is probably more than you wanted to know:
<BR>"The believer accepts the whole deposit as proposed by the Church; the heretic accepts only such parts of it as commend themselves to his own approval. The heretical tenets may be ignorance of the true creed, erroneous judgment, imperfect apprehension and comprehension of dogmas: in none of these does the will play an appreciable part, wherefore one of the necessary conditions of sinfulness--free choice--is wanting and such heresy is merely <I>objective</I>, or <I>material</I>. On the other hand the will may freely incline the intellect to adhere to tenets declared false by the Divine teaching authority of the Church. The impelling motives are many: intellectual pride or exaggerated reliance on one's own insight; the illusions of religious zeal; the allurements of political or ecclesiastical power; the ties of material interests and personal status; and perhaps others more dishonourable. Heresy thus willed is imputable to the subject and carries with it a varying degree of guilt; it is called <I>formal</I>, because to the material error it adds the informative element of 'freely willed'."
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<BR>Frankly, if one is to have any hope of understanding the history of the Church, one most certainly needs to understand notions of Catholic, Orthodox (both with little "c"s and "o"s and capital), heresy and schism. These are truly *not* subjective terms, but objective. Indeed, it is possible for a devout Chrsitain, an athiest, a Hindu, and a neo-Pagan to understand the meaning and application of these terms.
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<BR>You don't need to believe in Catholic teaching to understand what it is. You don't need to condemn a heresy to understand that it is heretical. To claim that one cannot be objective regarding Church history and still use these terms and definitions is to deny the entire study of Church history, and indeed the history of early and medieval Europe! You can't talk about it without talking of orthodox teachings and heresies.
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<BR>Aye,
<BR>Eogan
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<BR>Tighearn Eoghan Og mac Labhrainn, OPE, CP
<BR>Sacred Stone Pursuivant, Baronial Bard
<BR>WWW.ALBANACH.ORG
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